Parenthetical Documentation
- The parenthetical citation directs readers to the full bibliographic citations listed in the Works Cited list, located at the end of the document.
Book (Parenthetical Citation)
In most cases, the parenthetical documentation includes the author's last name and the specific page number for the information cited.
Book Example:
Medieval Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in grain” (Townsend 10)
Explanation:
The parenthetical reference “(Townsend 10)” indicates that the quotations came from page 10 of a work by Townsend. Given the author’s last name, your readers can find complete publication information for the source in the alphabetically arranged list of works cited that follows the text of your paper.
Works cited source:
Townsend, Robert M. The Medieval Village Economy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1993. Print.
Internet (Parenthetical Citation)
When citing an Internet source, give only the name of the author, and if that is not provided, give the name of the Internet site. You do not have to put page numbers. For example: (Smith) or (Website of the Wasteland)
For More Information:
Consult the OWL guide at Purdue University for parenthetical quotations in-text.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/